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Avenging Angel John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry 1859, by Ron Field
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After decades of anti-slavery activity in nineteenth century America, the Abolitionists found a hero who martyred himself, resulting in the American Civil War.
On October 16, 1859 John Brown led a small "army" of 18 men, consisting of 13 whites and five blacks, into Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Three other members of his force formed a rearguard at a nearby Maryland farm. A veteran of the violent struggles between pro- and antislavery forces in Kansas during 1855-56, Brown intended to provoke a general uprising of African Americans that would lead to a rebellion against slavery. The raiders seized the Federal buildings, including an armory and arsenal, and cut the telegraph wires. However, they failed to realize that further weapons had been removed to safety after flooding at the Hall Rifle Factory. Expecting local slaves to join them, Brown and his men fortified themselves in the Fire Engine House while the well-armed townspeople surrounded the building. The raiders and the civilians exchanged gunfire, and eight of Brown's men were killed or captured. By daybreak on October 18, a battalion of US Marines under the command of future Confederate commander Brevet Colonel Robert E. Lee, with First Lieutenant James Ewell Brown "Jeb" Stuart as second in command, stormed Brown's position in a fire engine house and captured or killed most of his force. Five of the conspirators, including Brown's son Owen, escaped to safety in Canada and the North. Severely wounded and taken to the jail in Charlestown, Virginia, John Brown stood trial for treason against the commonwealth of Virginia, for murder, and for conspiring with slaves to rebel. On November 2, 1859, a jury convicted him and sentenced him to death. Brown readily accepted the sentence and declared that he had acted in accordance with God's commandments. Responding to persistent rumours of further rebellion and written threats, Henry A. Wise, governor of Virginia, called out the state militia to guard against a possible rescue of Brown and his followers. Brown was hanged in Charlestown later that day, with John Wilkes Booth and Thomas (later "Stonewall") Jackson among those who witnessed the event.
The Harpers Ferry raid confirmed for many Southerners the existence of a widespread Northern plot against slavery. In fact, Brown had raised funds for his raid from Northern abolitionists. To arm the slaves, he ordered one thousand pikes from a Connecticut manufactory. Letters to Governor Wise betrayed the mixed feelings people held for Brown. For some, he was simply insane and should not be hanged. For others, he was a martyr to the cause of abolition, and his quick trial and execution reflected the fear and arrogance of the Virginia slave-owning aristocracy. Many Northerners condemned Brown's actions but thought him right in his conviction that slavery had to end. The John Brown Raid on Harpers Ferry and his execution further polarized North and South and made a solution of the slavery issue central to the national debate which ultimately led to Civil War in 1861.
- Sales Rank: #1953914 in Books
- Brand: Osprey Publishing Limited
- Published on: 2012-11-20
- Released on: 2012-11-20
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.87" h x .29" w x 7.25" l, .57 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 80 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
“Many books have been written about the how, why, and meaning of John Brown's failed attempt to provoke a slave uprising in northern Virginia, but Ron Field's Avenging Angel: John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry 1859 ... has a very distinct contextual focus on the raid as paramilitary operation, unsurprising given its placement within Osprey's Raid series. The background is there -- Brown's prior abolitionist career, along with brief biographical information about each participant, and what they hoped to accomplish by seizing Harpers Ferry -- but the heart of the book's 80 pages is a detailed, blow-by-blow account of the raid and the armed state (Maryland and Virginia) and federal response.” ―Andrew Wagenhoffer, Civil War Books and Authors (January 3,2013)
About the Author
Ron Field was Head of History at the Cotswold School in Bourton-on-the-Water, until his retirement in 2007. Awarded a Fulbright Scholarship in 1982, he taught History at Piedmont High School in California from 1982 to 1983. Ron was also associate editor of the Confederate Historical Society of Great Britain, from 1983 to 1992. He is an internationally acknowledged expert on US military history, and was elected a Fellow of the Company of Military Historians, based in Washington, DC, in 2005.
Most helpful customer reviews
4 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
Wonderfully written, let down by illustations
By Graves
In October of 1859 extremist abolitionist John Brown with a little over 20 armed followers attempted to seize the Federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry Virginia with the aim of using the weapons there to ignite and arm an uprising that would end slavery in the south. In the end he failed, most of his followers died and the south was pushed closer to secession. All this Ron Fields covers very well in less than 80 pages of what is one of the best written Osprey monographs I've read in a long time.
Field's focus mainly on John Brown-his activities as an abolitionist and the contacts he made. While Americans have `Bloody Kansas' and the conflict between slave and free states taught to them in school this might be a little odd for European readers. What does come across is Brown's blood thirstiness and just how loopy he really was; a constitutional convention with only 50 members, chosen by him, to ratify the new constitution he was planning to impose after his rebellion. Fields also gives an good understanding of how the panic spread among the general population, leading to reports of hundreds of armed rebels when in fact there were less than two dozen.
I could have done without the detailed biographies of each of his followers and would have preferred to have had some more input on the opposition leaders in particular the officer who rallied the local militias to contain the raiders and the regular officer who'd been on leave in DC and was empowered directly by the president to take command of all forces in the area and quell the rebellion. In a touch of irony that Hollywood would never have dare to try, that officer was Robert Edward Lee.
The one great failure of this work, leading me to give it only 4 stars was the artwork. The two original pictures somehow completely fail to capture the event with the third original picture replaced by a period painting of Brown on his way to the gallows. The newspaper pictures give a rather better view of the buildings but the many portraits of the people all start to run together after a while.
I will say I had a little problem with Field's writing. To make it more exciting he leaves out a crucial element of the story until the conclusion. Early on he makes it sound like the local militia company's have no problem containing the raiders until federal troops arrived. In fact a great many of them had flawed or even unusable weapons. The exact level of which is only brought up at the very end of the book when he recounts how the militia's poor performance inspired the south to revamp their militia system, effectively creating what would be the core of the Confederate armies less than 2 years later. It is a minor point and all things considered, this still rates, to me as one of the best written Osprey books I've encountered in a long while.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
A fire bell in the night...
By HMS Warspite
John Brown's 1859 raid on the Federal Armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, was meant to trigger an insurrection by African-American slaves. What it provoked instead was a violent response by Virginia and Maryland state militias, who trapped Brown and his men at the Armory, and the dispatch of a detachment of U.S. Marines from Washington, D.C. led by U.S. Army Colonel Robert E. Lee, who decisively ended the violent siege. Brown's raid and his subsequent trail for treason helped further polarize opinion, North and South, over the institution of slavery and its future. The Civil War was less than a year and a half away; historians would later describe Brown's raid as the fire bell in the night that announced the coming of the war.
"Avenging Angel" is a new Osprey Raid series publication. In it, author Ron Fields narrates anti-slavery advocate Brown's trail of agitation and violence across the sectional crisis of the United States in the middle of the 19th century. Preliminary sections identify John Brown and the crisis over slavery, leading to Brown's formulation of a plan to trigger a slave insurrection. The planning and execution of the raid are described in a fair amount of detail, along with the mistakes that brought down the wrath of local citizens, state governments, and the federal government. The concluding portions of the book describe the fates of Brown and his co-conspirators. The book includes a nice selection of photographs, illustrations, maps, and diagrams.
John Brown's raid seems to rarely get more than a brief mention in Civil War histories; this book is an excellent introduction into the subject, and a glimpse into the passions the raid aroused in the country. Civil War buffs may notice the handful of future Civil War leaders who managed to be present during the action; highly recommended to the general reader.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Harper's Ferry as a Raid
By James D. Crabtree
An interesting treatment of the Harper's Ferry incident, one in which radical abolitionists, led by John Brown, tried to seize the weapons stored there and arm slaves in order to overthrow the "slavocracy" of the South. The book goes point by point through the raid, how it was planned, what the objectives were and how it went wrong. This was assisted by the use of maps which show key locations and important movements. As always with these books, it has original illustrations, period illustrations and photographs to help tell the story.
The only two weaknesses I noted in the book was the minimal discussion of the Westport Raid, which Brown had previously mounted in Missouri to free slaves and convey them to Canada. Westport, and indeed his overall experiences in Kansas, helped to shape his plan for Harper's Ferry. Also, in the conclusions part of the book the author implied that the poor showing of militia led to a military renaissance in the South, which no doubt assisted them in the coming Civil War. My own readings don't support this; if anything motivated the South to militarize it was the Nat Turner rebellion. State forces absorbed the militias and improved them during the war.
Still, a great look at the raid from a military point of view!
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